|||F A Notes|||

The word flood is the modification of old English word “flod” which has its roots in German word flut.
Flood 2010 is a great tragedy of the 21st century. The fast moving water of floods can be very destructive, sweeping away trees road, bridges and any thing not strong enough to withstand the pressure.


Floods came as a shock to Northern Pakistan without much warning almost like Tsunami. The recent floods in Pakistan which started at the end of July and continued the whole month of August and into September have been simply devastating. Nearly 2000 people were killed, more than 20 million people were affected and nearly 2 million homes had been destroyed. There had been wide spread damage to agriculture and its related livelihoods, the impact of which are yet to hit the country.


There are no schools while roads and tracks have been perished, hospitals are out of service and above all the poor man’s perseverance has perished. What is left is hope to survive.


The people of Pakistan exhibited remarkable unity and warmth and came forwarded to help their flood-affected people. Besides, foreign agencies and Pakistan army had done good job of providing relief and assistance to the victims of this disaster. And evacuees reached their tent cities and scattered  comps safely.

The most important issue is to make arrangements for getting them back to their original destination. This matter has already been initiated and the current relief operation will be the costiest one and reconstruction of roods and houses would probably take time.


Is was natural disaster. This incident showed us that God is all power HE can do any thing and every thing. We should pray to Him to forgive us, because I believe that natural disasters are a signal that God is un-happy with us.          

Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer it comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more entities. Commerce involves trade and aids to trade which help in the exchange of goods and service we know that no one in this world can be self sufficient and we need others. For instance, if a person is an accountant he needs farmer for satisfying his needs of vegetables and food if a person is writer of course he can not be the mason or constructor. He will need a builder / constructor to construct his home but an accountant can provide his services to a firm / company for maintaining the books of account. A writer can write for magazine / newspaper.


In our routine life we exchange goods & services against money, what we have in excess we exchange with which we are deficient.


Not only individual exchange goods and services but companies institutions & countries also exchange goods and services locally and internationally if a country has a competitive advantage in technology it can export its excessive goods / services to other countries which are willing to buy it because they don’t have technology or they have differential advantage in another industry and they are using their resources in that field.


In short we feel that it is not necessary to have all the capabilities but we should have differential advantage in few fields that are most suitable for us according to our resources and capabilities. This is why, the commerce is very important in our routine life to the business life.      

Education has been the prime function and vested interest of the developed and civilized nations it brings awareness in the people of society and makes people civilized responsible Education is also a main source of growth of society in every field of life.


We have different types of education science commerce, religious, etc. every type of education has its own importance. Science & Technology has made our work easy, quick and more efficient. It has played a vital role in our life on the contrary commerce education has helped us to grow our industry & economy. It has provided us many professionals who are capable of running the organization profitably, insuring huge return of investment discussing plan & policy for securing our money making our products familiar in the international and local markets, developing new financial products for higher profit with more security.


Economy is the extremely important concern for any country. As we cannot run a smaller business with out having sufficient commerce education, same way we cannot run our economy in the effective way without having qualified and responsible commerce professional. For a count it is very important to know that what will be the inflows and out flows of the fund that it could meet its expenditure. It has to keep inflation law insure employment persistent eco growth and have sufficient amount of funds in hand etc, but only commerce and eco professionals can address these issues.


As the science and technology is un-compromised concern today, the commerce & industry is also having the similar importance no project can be run without finance and planning for funds. Hence commerce education is the ultimate needs of the time which will make us capable to grow in every field of life in the international and local community.  

It is a glistening fact the creation of a woman is a fine creative work of the Almighty Allah. She has been shouldered divine responsibilities. For the fulfillment of her duties, she has been awarded reverential grace.


It is Islam through which females have obtained true position in the society. Man and women have been rightly compared to the wheels of the same carriage. Islam realized the importance of women and granted them a very dignified position equal to man.


Women play a very vital role in human progress and have a signified place in the society. A woman is loving daughter of father. A polite wife and a kind hearted mother. The position of mother is very much exalted in Islamic traditions. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has gone so far as to say “Paradise lies under neath the feet of your mother”. The most important role she plays is the role of a generous mother. She takes most care for her children from the age of infancy. It is the only personality of mother who faces innumerable and endless difficulties in the upbringing of her children so that they might be happy in their future life.


At present women hold a position of honour and dignity in Pakistan. Gone are the days when ladies were confined to the house. Today in our country women are playing very important role in the development of our country. They are working side by side with men in the offices, factories, radio, television etc. They are doctors, advocates, lecturers and engineers. They also obtained the positions as Ministers and Prime Minister.


Their visionary approach is very high and as such they are well determined, with their determination and objectivity, women have proved themselves to be very significant to move a society.

It is a glistening fact the creation of a woman is a fine creative work of the Almighty Allah. She has been shouldered divine responsibilities. For the fulfillment of her duties, she has been awarded reverential grace.


It is Islam through which females have obtained true position in the society. Man and women have been rightly compared to the wheels of the same carriage. Islam realized the importance of women and granted them a very dignified position equal to man.


Women play a very vital role in human progress and have a signified place in the society. A woman is loving daughter of father. A polite wife and a kind hearted mother. The position of mother is very much exalted in Islamic traditions. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has gone so far as to say “Paradise lies under neath the feet of your mother”. The most important role she plays is the role of a generous mother. She takes most care for her children from the age of infancy. It is the only personality of mother who faces innumerable and endless difficulties in the upbringing of her children so that they might be happy in their future life.


At present women hold a position of honour and dignity in Pakistan. Gone are the days when ladies were confined to the house. Today in our country women are playing very important role in the development of our country. They are working side by side with men in the offices, factories, radio, television etc. They are doctors, advocates, lecturers and engineers. They also obtained the positions as Ministers and Prime Minister.


Their visionary approach is very high and as such they are well determined, with their determination and objectivity, women have proved themselves to be very significant to move a society.

It is a glistening fact the creation of a woman is a fine creative work of the Almighty Allah. She has been shouldered divine responsibilities. For the fulfillment of her duties, she has been awarded reverential grace.


It is Islam through which females have obtained true position in the society. Man and women have been rightly compared to the wheels of the same carriage. Islam realized the importance of women and granted them a very dignified position equal to man.


Women play a very vital role in human progress and have a signified place in the society. A woman is loving daughter of father. A polite wife and a kind hearted mother. The position of mother is very much exalted in Islamic traditions. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) has gone so far as to say “Paradise lies under neath the feet of your mother”. The most important role she plays is the role of a generous mother. She takes most care for her children from the age of infancy. It is the only personality of mother who faces innumerable and endless difficulties in the upbringing of her children so that they might be happy in their future life.


At present women hold a position of honour and dignity in Pakistan. Gone are the days when ladies were confined to the house. Today in our country women are playing very important role in the development of our country. They are working side by side with men in the offices, factories, radio, television etc. They are doctors, advocates, lecturers and engineers. They also obtained the positions as Ministers and Prime Minister.


Their visionary approach is very high and as such they are well determined, with their determination and objectivity, women have proved themselves to be very significant to move a society.

Pakistan has been experiencing severe energy crisis for the last couple of decades. It has several important reasons and multi-sectoral impacts on households, businesses & economy as a whole.

There has been consistently increasing gap between demand and supply of energy over the period of time. Higher demand of energy is because of rapidly growing population, economic growth, extensive use of machinery and advanced technology in businesses over past years, and higher use of electric appliances from household consumers.

On the contrary, the supply side of energy is remaining subdued. Pakistan is producing its energy majorly from oil & hydel resources. We are not sufficiently using coal, wind & solar energy, which have lower production cost as coal’s heavy resources in Thar, Sindh, are available in Pakistan. Further wind and solar have very lower input cost. Pakistan has relied upon independent power producers (IPPs), which are mostly running their plants on furnace oil with highest per unit cost among all the available energy producing options. The higher cost of furnace oil gradually increased circular debt, IPPs stopped their plants & supply declined consequently. Government has recently taken an initiative & paid off circular debt but it was useless & debt accumulated again.

Other major issues regarding energy is the transmission losses and non-payment, very few household, institutions and organizations pay the dues regularly in rural areas while the situation is not even good in urban areas. All the above discussed issues collectively incurred averagely 4000-7000 MW of shortfall in electricity which has numerous negative effects.

On the economic front there has been severe negative impact of energy crisis. We have an example of Faisalabad textile sector that has intensely affected by energy crisis. Most of the industries have shifted, because of energy crisis, outside the country. It has decreased country’s output, increased unemployment and lowered overall welfare of citizens of Pakistan.

In the nutshell, energy crisis is one of the most important factors that are behind the sorry plight of Pakistan’s economy and nation.