DEFINITION
OF LEADING AND LEADERSHIP
Leading
is the process of influencing others to act to accomplish specified objectives.
A leader is one who has followers. He has formal or informal authority and
power. A leader may be born or made by time, education, or training. A leader
has common traits like intelligence, social sensitivity, and communication
skills.
AUTHORITARIAN
LEADERSHIP
Authoritarian leaders usually
determine the specific task for each participant because they often believe
that group participants are limited in ability and need strict guidance and
control. This style of leadership, therefore, is rigid and inflexible.
SUPERVISORY
LEADERSHIP
Supervisory leadership, which stops
short of autocratic control, is useful when efficiency is critical.
PARTICIPATIVE
LEADERSHIP
Both authoritarian and supervisory
leaders depend on method that limit the participation and freedom of other
group members. Participative, or democratic, leaders encourage group members to
participate actively in discussion.
GROUP-CENTERED
LEADER SHIPS
Group-entered, or laissez faire,
leaders expect group members to be self-directed. They refrain from structuring
the group in any way. They listen but do not show approval or disapproval or
disapproval, and although they may clarify on occasion, they are careful not to
inject their own thoughts.
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